La versione in inglese dell’articolo è più ampia e segue quella in spagnolo. The English version of the text is wider and follows the one in Spanish.

Me gustaría comenzar el artículo de hoy con una muy breve lección de fisiología. Imagina que el cerebro es como una cebolla. La parte más profunda, el núcleo, es lo que denominaríamos cerebro reptiliando, y está compuesta de las estructuras cerebrales más básicas. Le llamamos cerebro reptiliano por que es una de las estructuras que compartimos con los reptiles puesto que es el mas primitivo, el primero que desarrollamos como especie. Este cerebro profundo se encarga de nuestra parte más instintiva y animal. Su trabajo es mantenernos en vida a toda costa y para eso controla nuestros comportamientos de supervivencia básicos, como el sueño, la alimentación, la agresión, y ¡ya lo adivinaste! El miedo.

Sería justo mencionar que la mayoría de las veces el cerebro reptiliano no se anda con sutilezas. El miedo es una emoción que se vincula con una poderosa orden directa de la parte más fundamental de nuestro sistema nervioso, y muchas veces puede paralizarnos por completo, o llevarnos por caminos de acción completamente ajenos a nuestro raciocinio. Tambien nosotros hemos evolucionado hasta el punto que nuestro cerebro cuenta con varias capas más de materia encefélica que se encargan de que interpretemos adecuadamente los estímulos del exterior, de que generemos autoconsciencia y de que tomemos decisiones racionales para alcanzar objetivos.

Normalmente estas capas, y en especial los lóbulos frontales -que son los encargados del razonamiento-  trabajan integrando la información disponible para impedir que las emociones primitivas subyacentes lleven al individuo a acciones impulsivas o poco asertivas. Pero en ocasiones los lóbulos frontales pueden comenzar a hacer equipo con los mecanismos más profundos del miedo, generando explicaciones que parecen racionales pero que en realidad son sólo el resultado de una dosis de miedo de la cual no hemos logrado, o no hemos querido, sobreponernos.

Joe es un prometedor estudiante de ingeniería. Saca las mejores notas y tiene una facilidad pasmosa para las matemáticas. En varias ocasiones, sus profesores y compañeros lo han instado a que participe en los concursos de ingeniería de su facultad con algún proyecto. Sin embargo Joe, aunque ha estado a punto muchas veces, simplemente no logra llenar las solicitudes para los concursos. Algo –un profundo miedo- lo paraliza.

¿De dónde sale todo este miedo? Joe recuerda que una vez, cuando era niño,  construyó un pequeño  tren en miniatura.  Él estaba muy contento porque, al no ser un niño muy sociable, sus vecinos y compañeros no tenían mucho interés en jugar con él. Pero ahora que había construido este maravilloso juguete, estaba seguro de que se granjearía sus simpatías. Desgraciadamente, cuando quiso echarlo a andar en presencia de los otros niños, algo salió mal en el mecanismo y sólo consiguió ser objeto de burlas.  A partir de ese momento, Joe prefirió guardarse sus inventos para sí mismo y para uno o dos amigos muy cercanos.

Suena perfectamente lógico que un trauma similar nos bloqueé de esa manera por muchos años. Nos lo ha dicho la psicología todo este tiempo. Sin embargo, lo importante es comprender cómo funcionó el mecanismo del miedo en el cerebro de Joe. Si lo vemos desde afuera, de una manera racional,  encontramos que en los años posteriores Joe encontró toda la evidencia necesaria para comprender que aquel episodio de su  infancia fue un incidente aislado. Sin embargo, en lugar de utilizar esa información objetiva para motivarse a seguir compartiendo sus inventos con el mundo, su cerebro hizo alianza con el miedo y comenzó a buscar  y a discriminar selectivamente la información del medio que justficaba  seguir teniendo miedo a presentar sus proyectos en público.

Joe veía en los fracasos de otros compañeros menos competentes o dedicados lo que seguramente sería su propio fracaso si se atrevía a ir por más. Su cerebro estaba ignorando datos estadísticos y variables relevantes, -como el hecho de que él estaba muy aventajado-  e interpretaba datos irrelevantes y sin conexión alguna con sí mismo como evidencias incontrovertibles. Estas falsas evidencias son el medio por el cual nuestro cerebro trabaja para el miedo, cuando en realidad, debería ser al revés.

No todo el miedo es malo. Existen algunas cosas y situaciones que verdaderamente pueden hacernos daño, y es bueno que nuestro cerebro cuente con un mecanismo de emergencia de acción inmediata que pueda sacarnos del apuro. En este caso, vemos al miedo trabajando para el cerebro. Sin embargo, cuando este miedo se sale de control y dura más de lo debido, comienza a orillar al cerebro a ver falsas evidencias o pruebas donde no las hay de que la amenaza sigue allí. Entonces, terminamos con el cerebro trabajando para el miedo. Este segundo tipo de FEAR, o False Evidence Appearing Real, es uno de los motivos más comunes por los cuales personas ampliamente capacitadas y talentosas no se atreven a salir de su zona de confort.

Por suerte, superar esta malformación  en los procesos del miedo, aunque no es fácil, sí es posible. Requiere una gran dosis de voluntad y de valentía inicial, y un compromiso real para abandonar el autoengaño. De hecho, existen muchos casos de personas que lo único que necesitaron para triunfar en la vida fue deshacerse de la Evidence Appearing Real o FEAR, pero que antes de eso, vivían genuinamente convencidas de que no serían capaces de hacer nada sin que una enorme pérdida o tragedia se cerniera sobre ellos.

No te quedes estancado en el miedo. No dejes que tu cerebro trabaje para el miedo. Haz que el miedo trabaje para ti y para que logres tus objetivos, y luego, déjalo ir.

 

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I would like to begin today’s article with a short lesson about physiology: Imagine that your brain is like an onion. The deepest part, the nucleus, is what we would call the reptilian brain and it is formed by the most basic brain structures. We call it so because it is one of the structures that we share with this species, as it is most primitive, the first to develop. This deep brain is in charge of our most instinctive and animal side. Its job is to keep us alive (no matter what) and, thus, it controls our basic survival behaviors, such as sleeping, feeding, aggression and, you guessed it! : Fear

It would be fair to mention that most of the time our reptilian brain does not act subtly. Fear is an emotion highly linked to a powerful command coming straight from the most essential part of our nervous system, and it can frequently “freeze” us or drive us along action paths which are far beyond our reasoning.

You have probably heard about the: Fight-Flight-Freeze, which are our instinctive reactions to danger. These reactions are controlled by our reptilian brain, the primitive one whose job is to keep us alive. We usually use Flight, i.e. run away to save yourself, and Freeze, i.e. don’t move at all, and luckily,whatever danger you are facing might not notice you and vanish. And we only use Fight as a last resort, when Flight or Freeze were not efficient enough.

Our society has evolved and we now rarely face dangers such as huge beasts chasing after us. What today makes us fear, are other things: losing our job, loneliness, or uncertainty about the future. We have also evolved in such ways that our brain now has several more strata of encephalic matter which helps us to adequately interpret any external incentives, that we generate self-awareness and that we make rational decisions to reach our goals.

Normally these layers, specially at the frontal lobes – which manage reasoning- work in the integration of the available information so the underlying primitive emotions are prevented not to lead the individual towards impulsive or little assertive actions.

But sometimes those frontal lobes may work in team with the deep mechanisms of fear, generating explanations that seem “rational” and are only the result of a fear dose that we have not, or wanted not to overcome yet.

To justify our fear, or the reaction to it, our newest more logical brain makes up stories, or excuses. You know how sometimes you imagine the worse scenario possible? “If I quit this job, I’ll never find another one” or “Jobs like the one I want don’t exist anyway, so I’d better stay in this one that I have and be grateful for it” or “If I write this book everyone will judge me, so it’s better if I don’t finish it”.

Sounds familiar?

Here is an example of how we start being fearful and how we create stories that often paralyze us.

Joe is an outstanding engineering student. He has excellent grades and is really talented for mathematics. His professors and classmates have encouraged him to participate with one of his projects in the university contests. However, Joe, who has been just about to do so, has not even filled in the application forms for the contests. Something, a strong fear, paralyzes him. 

Where does all of this fear emerge from? Joe remembers once when as a child he built a small train. He felt proud and happy, as being a quiet kid, his friends and neighbors were never really much into playing with him. But now, with such wonderful toy, he was sure that he would gain charm. Unfortunately, when he tried to start the engine in front of the other children, something went wrong in the mechanism and he only got mocked.

From that moment on, Joe decided to keep his discoveries to himself and one or two very close friends.

It sounds perfectly logical that this kind of trauma causes us to be blocked in such way for years… Psychology has been telling us about it all the time. Nevertheless, what is important is to understand how the fear mechanism worked in Joe´s brain.

If we look at this from the outside, in a rational way, we find that within years Joe found all the necessary evidence to understand that this episode of his childhood was an isolated incident.

Instead of using this objective information to motivate himself to continue sharing his inventions with the rest of the world, his brain became an ally to fear and ran into a selective discriminative process of information from the source that justified being fearful from presenting his projects to the public.

Joe saw in other less talented friends, what would most surely be his own failure if he ever tried to go for more. His brain was ignoring statistic data and relevant variables as -the fact that he was way ahead of those kids- and took as indisputable evidence irrelevant information that has no connection to himself.

These false evidences cause our brain to work in benefit of fear, but it should be the other way around.

Not all fear is wrong. There are some situations and things that can really hurt us, and it is good that our brain has an automatic emergency defense mechanism to immediately get us out of trouble. In these examples, we see fear working for our brain.

Still, when this fear comes out of control and lasts longer than it should, it constrains the brain to see false evidences where there are none. We believe that threat is still before us. So, there we have our brain working for fear.

This second kind of FEAR (False Evidence Appearing Real) is one of the most common reasons why capable and talented people do not dare to get out of their comfort zone.

Fortunately, overcoming this malformation in the processes of fear, though not easy, is possible. It requires great will and initial courage and real commitment to leave self-delusion behind.

It is a fact that lots of cases where the only thing people needed to succeed in life, was to cast off FEAR. Before that, they lived convinced that they would never accomplish any goals without a great loss or tragedy striking on them.

How can I ensure that FEAR will not stop me anymore?

Well, that is a very sensible and useful question to ask. A technique I use with some of my clients that procrastinate with projects is to get them to tell me all the bad things that could happen if they completed their project: Everything.

  • “People will judge me”- And then what will happen?
  • “I won’t have any friends left”- And then?
  • “I will lose my job”- And what will happen as a result?
  • “I will be homeless”- And then?
  • Etc. etc.

My clients often realize that their fears are not justified, that the worst case scenario is completely irrational, illogical and impossible. This is very eye-opening and after this exercise they are so motivated that they just leave my office and go out for living and doing whatever it was they had long been postponing!

Do not get stuck in fear; do not allow your brain to work on its behalf. Make fear work for your sake so you achieve and reach, and then: let it go!

Di Na-Ha Herouard

Na-Ha has a background in Business Psychology and Human Resources. Coaching is her passion and she is now dedicated to helping her clients believe in themselves, and guiding them towards success through her coaching firm in London, Get it Coaching. Speaking Spanish, English and French, Na-Ha also coaches clients world wide and loves writing articles about life and how to make the most out of it. In her free time, Na-Ha travels around the world with the love of her life.